AMF panel built by Wisdom Techno Solutions, front view showing mains and generator incomers with changeover control section
Auto mains failure panel manufactured in Vadodara, front elevation with controller, metering and indication

What an AMF Panel Does, and What We Build

AMF stands for Auto Mains Failure. The panel watches the incoming utility supply, and when it fails or drifts outside limits it starts the diesel generator, waits for the set to reach stable voltage and frequency, and transfers the load. When the mains returns and stays healthy for a set time, it transfers back and stops the engine after a cooling run. The whole cycle happens with nobody present, which is the entire point.

Wisdom Techno Solutions builds AMF panels at our Vadodara works for factories, hospitals, data rooms, water works and commercial buildings. The mains-sensing thresholds, the timers and the load-shedding rules are set against your supply conditions and your load, because a panel with default timers on an unstable supply either starts the engine constantly or too late.

  • Mains sensing on all three phases: under-voltage, over-voltage, phase failure, phase sequence
  • Automatic engine start with configurable crank attempts, crank rest and start failure lockout
  • Break-before-make changeover — mechanically and electrically interlocked, so the two sources can never parallel
  • Return-to-mains after a stability delay, then a cooling run before the engine stops
  • Battery charger, engine protections and remote annunciation as specified
  • Non-essential load shedding, so the DG picks up only what it must

From a single 25 kVA standby set to a 1500 kVA installation with load shedding and remote monitoring, the specifications below cover our standard build.

AMF Panel Technical Specifications

The table below is the standard build. Mains-sensing thresholds, timers and the load-shedding schedule are configured per project against your supply conditions.

Parameter Specification
Panel type AMF — Auto Mains Failure panel, sensing the mains, starting the generator and transferring load automatically
Rated operational voltage (Ue) 415 V AC, 3-phase 4-wire (up to 690 V on request)
Rated insulation voltage (Ui) 1000 V
Rated frequency 50 Hz
Busbar system rating Up to 6300 A on the Rittal Ri4Power licensed system
Short-circuit withstand (Icw) Declared per project against the system fault level and the licensed system's verified configuration
Applicable standard IEC 61439-1 and IEC 61439-2 / IS-IEC 61439 Part 1 and Part 2
Form of internal separation Form 1 to Form 4B (Form 4B Type II on the C&S CX licensed system)
Sources One mains supply and one diesel generator
Changeover type Break before make — electrically and mechanically interlocked; the sources never parallel
Changeover device Motorised ACB or MCCB pair, contactor pair, or a changeover switch, sized to the load
Mains sensing Three-phase under-voltage, over-voltage, phase failure and phase sequence
Timers Mains failure delay, start delay, load transfer delay, mains return stability delay, cooling run
Engine start Configurable crank attempts, crank duration, rest between attempts, start failure lockout
Engine protections Low lube oil pressure, high coolant temperature, over-speed, low fuel, battery low
Controller AMF controller or genset controller as specified — DeepSea, ComAp or equivalent
Metering Mains and DG side: V, A, kW, PF, Hz, kWh, engine running hours
Indication Mains available, DG running, load on mains, load on DG, common alarm and trip
Load shedding Non-essential feeders shed on transfer to DG, restored on return to mains, as specified
Battery charger Float and boost charger for the engine start battery
Remote interface Potential-free contacts, or Modbus RTU / Modbus TCP where specified
Control supply 24 V DC from the engine battery, with AC control supply where required
Busbar material Electrical grade aluminium or copper
Control wiring 660 / 1100 V grade PVC-insulated stranded copper, ferruled and numbered
Degree of protection IP42 / IP52 / IP54 / IP55 / IP65
Gasketing Rubber gasket on doors and removable covers, to suit the declared IP rating
Enclosure material MS CRCA sheet steel; stainless steel on request
Pre-treatment Three-tank or seven-tank process, specified per project
Paint finish Epoxy-based primer with powder coating, or synthetic enamel
Panel layout Single front or double front (front and rear access)
Heat management Natural ventilation, filtered forced ventilation with exhaust fans, or panel cooling unit
Cable entry Top or bottom, removable gland plate
Installation Indoor; outdoor with weatherproof construction and canopy on request
Future extension Extendable busbar chamber and spare or blank compartments, when specified at design stage
Testing Routine verification in-house on every assembly; customer, consultant and third-party witnessed FAT supported

AMF vs ATS vs DG Synchronization Panel

These three come up in the same enquiries and are not grades of the same thing. Reading this table before writing the specification saves a change order later.

Consideration ATS AMF panel DG synchronization panel
What it does Transfers load between two sources that are already live Senses mains failure, starts the DG, transfers load Runs two or more generators in parallel
Does it start an engine? No Yes Yes
Number of generators None, or one already running One Two or more
Do sources run together? No No Yes
Engine protections needed No Yes Yes
Load sharing Not applicable Not applicable Automatic, kW and kVAr
Typical fit Two utility feeders, or a DG on a separate control One standby DG behind the mains Load larger than one set, or N+1 redundancy
Cost order Lowest Middle Highest

When an AMF Panel Is the Right Choice — and When It Is Not

An AMF panel is the right answer when one generator backs up one mains supply and nobody is there to switch it. That covers most standby installations: a factory that must not lose a batch, a hospital wing, a water pumping station, a building with lifts and fire systems. Its value is entirely in unattended operation — if someone is always on site to start the set and throw a changeover, a manual changeover panel does the same job for far less.

It is the wrong choice in two situations. If the load needs more than one generator, or needs a set to be serviceable while the others carry the load, you need a DG synchronization panel — an AMF panel cannot parallel sets, by design. And if the load cannot tolerate the transfer break at all, an AMF panel will not solve it: even a fast changeover interrupts supply for the transfer time, so computers, PLCs and instrumentation still need a UPS behind it.

There is also a supply-quality trap worth naming. On a weak or fluctuating utility supply, default mains-sensing thresholds and short timers make the panel start the engine several times a day for dips that the plant would not have noticed. The thresholds and delays should be set from what your supply actually does, which is why we ask about it at enquiry stage.

What to Send for a AMF Panel Quotation

Send these and every offer you receive will be comparable:

  • Single line diagram
  • Total load in kW or kVA, and which feeders are essential
  • Generator rating, make and controller model
  • Mains supply details, and how stable it is in practice
  • Changeover device preferred — motorised breakers, contactors or changeover switch
  • Acceptable transfer time, and whether any load needs a UPS behind the AMF
  • Load shedding required on DG, and the shedding order
  • Engine protections and sensors available on the set
  • Indoor or outdoor installation, and IP rating
  • Remote monitoring or BMS interface required
  • System fault level and upstream protection

If you know the supply dips and interruptions your site actually sees, tell us. Timer and threshold settings matter more to how the panel behaves in service than any component choice in it.

Common Mistakes in AMF Panel Specifications

  • Assuming an AMF panel removes the need for a UPS. Changeover always breaks supply for the transfer time. Controls, servers and instrumentation still need ride-through.
  • Leaving the mains-sensing thresholds at default on a weak supply. The engine then starts for every dip. Set the thresholds and delays from the supply's real behaviour.
  • Not stating which loads are non-essential. Without a shedding list the DG is sized for the whole connected load, which is usually far more generator than the site needs.
  • Specifying an AMF panel when two generators are planned. An AMF panel cannot parallel sets. If a second set is coming later, say so now — the busbar and the layout change.
  • Forgetting the neutral. Whether the changeover switches the neutral, and how the generator is earthed, affects earth-fault protection and is a design decision, not a wiring detail.
  • Omitting the fault level from the enquiry. Without it no vendor can size the assembly correctly, and the offers stop being comparable.
  • Writing "as per IEC 61439" with no part and no year. The verification evidence a manufacturer submits has to be traceable to a specific standard and configuration.

How Wisdom Techno Solutions Builds AMF Panels

Wisdom Techno Solutions is a licensed partner for three design-verified switchgear platforms — Rittal Ri4Power since 2021, C&S CX since 2023 and Siemens SIEPAN Elite/8PU since 2024. We build inside each system's verified configuration and routine-verify every assembly in-house at our Vadodara, Gujarat facility. Under IEC 61439 the design verification belongs to the system owner and the routine verification to the assembly manufacturer — what that division of responsibility means for a buyer is set out here.

Related Technical Guides

Engineering guides from our team on the calculations and design decisions behind an AMF panel:

Related Panel Types

If this is not the right fit for your layout, these are the alternatives we build to the same standard:

  • DG synchronization panels — two or more generators running in parallel with load sharing
  • PCC panels — power distribution from the transformer incomer to the plant's outgoing feeders
  • PMCC panels — PCC distribution and MCC motor control combined in one assembly
  • NVR panels — no-volt release protection for motors and pumps
  • APFC panels — automatic power factor correction, sized to the plant's reactive load
  • IEC 61439 panels — how design verification and routine verification work under the standard

Send Your Single Line Diagram

Email your single line diagram, load list and system fault level and our engineers will come back with a technical offer. Not sure what to send? See what a panel manufacturer needs in order to quote accurately.

Manufacturer Wisdom Techno Solutions
Works Plot 9, Nilkanth Industrial Park 1, near Kotambi Stadium, Kamrol, Kotambi, Vadodara, Gujarat 391510, India
Email connect@wisdomtechnosolutions.com
Phone +91 80002 29727
Working hours Monday to Saturday, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm IST
Delivery lead time 6 to 7 weeks from drawing approval, subject to switchgear availability

Frequently Asked Questions About AMF Panels

What is the full form of AMF panel?
AMF stands for Auto Mains Failure. The panel monitors the incoming utility supply and, when it fails or moves outside set limits, starts the diesel generator, waits for stable voltage and frequency, and transfers the load. When the mains returns and holds steady for a set delay it transfers back and stops the engine after a cooling run — all without anyone present.
What is the difference between an AMF panel and an ATS?
An ATS transfers load between two sources that are already live; it does not start anything. An AMF panel adds the engine: mains sensing, crank control, engine protections, cooling run and start-failure lockout. Put simply, every AMF panel contains a transfer function, but an ATS does not contain an AMF function. If a generator has to be started automatically, an ATS alone will not do it.
How long does the changeover take?
It is the sum of several deliberate delays, not one number: a mains-failure confirmation delay so a momentary dip does not start the engine, the cranking and run-up time of the set, and a short delay while voltage and frequency stabilise before the load is transferred. Typically the load is back within a few tens of seconds. The set is chosen with the plant, because a shorter confirmation delay means faster restoration but more unnecessary engine starts.
Does an AMF panel mean I do not need a UPS?
No. However fast the changeover, supply is interrupted for the transfer time, and anything that cannot ride through that — servers, PLCs, instrumentation, some medical equipment — still needs a UPS. The correct arrangement is a UPS for the ride-through and the AMF panel for the sustained outage, which is what the UPS batteries cannot cover.
Can an AMF panel run two generators?
No, and this is the most common specification error we see. An AMF panel is built around one set: one start circuit, one set of engine protections, one changeover. Two generators that must run together need a DG synchronization panel, which matches voltage, frequency and phase and shares load. If a second set is planned for later, say so at enquiry stage so the busbar and layout allow for it.
What is load shedding on an AMF panel, and do I need it?
Load shedding drops non-essential feeders when the load transfers to the generator, and restores them when the mains returns. You need it whenever the generator is smaller than the total connected load, which is usually the economic choice — sizing the DG for every load including comfort air conditioning and non-critical lighting is expensive. It requires a stated shedding order, which comes from you.
Should the changeover switch the neutral?
It depends on how the generator neutral is earthed and what earth-fault protection is used. Four-pole changeover, which switches the neutral, prevents circulating currents and parallel neutral paths where both sources are separately earthed, and it keeps earth-fault protection meaningful. Three-pole is simpler and cheaper and is used where the earthing arrangement makes it safe. It is a design decision to settle at the enquiry, not on site.
Which engine protections should be wired into the panel?
At minimum low lubricating oil pressure, high coolant temperature, over-speed and start failure, because those are the faults that destroy an engine. Low fuel level and low battery voltage are worth adding because they are the two most common reasons a standby set fails to start when it is finally needed. What is available depends on the sensors on your set, so send the engine's terminal details.
Do you test the AMF panel with our actual generator?
The panel is fully functionally tested at our Vadodara works, with the mains-failure sequence, the timers, the changeover interlocks and the annunciation proven using a simulated engine interface. The final proving — real cranking, real run-up, real transfer under load — happens at site with your set, and we recommend running it against actual load rather than at no load, because that is where timer settings show whether they are right.
What information do you need to quote an AMF panel?
Total load and the essential feeder list, the generator rating, make and controller model, the mains supply details and how stable it is in practice, the changeover device you prefer, whether load shedding is required and in what order, the engine protections available on the set, indoor or outdoor with IP rating, any remote monitoring interface, and the system fault level.

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